Meniscus (anatomy)

==Meniscus (anatomy) ==

The meniscus is a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that, in humans, is found in the knee, wrist, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints. The term "meniscus" is used to refer to either of the two specific structures in the knee: the medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus.

Structure

The menisci of the knee are two C-shaped pieces of cartilage that act as a cushion between the femur (thigh bone) and the tibia (shin bone). The medial meniscus is located on the inner side of the knee joint, while the lateral meniscus is on the outer side. These structures are composed of dense, fibrous tissue that is highly resistant to compression and shear forces.

Function

The primary functions of the menisci are to:

• Distribute load across the knee joint
• Absorb shock
• Stabilize the knee during movement
• Facilitate joint lubrication and nutrition
• Limit extreme flexion and extension

Blood Supply

The blood supply to the meniscus is limited, which affects its ability to heal. The outer one-third of the meniscus, known as the "red zone," has a relatively good blood supply, while the inner two-thirds, known as the "white zone," is avascular (lacking blood vessels).

Injuries

Meniscal injuries are common, particularly among athletes. These injuries can occur due to trauma or degenerative changes. Common types of meniscal injuries include:

• Meniscal tear
• Bucket handle tear
• Radial tear

Symptoms of a meniscal injury may include pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the knee. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through physical examination and imaging studies such as MRI.

Treatment

Treatment options for meniscal injuries vary depending on the severity and location of the tear. They may include:

• Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (RICE)
• Physical therapy
• Meniscectomy
• Meniscus repair

See Also

• Knee joint
• Cartilage
• Synovial joint
• Anterior cruciate ligament
• Posterior cruciate ligament