Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

A serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) is a class of antidepressant drugs used in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, and certain chronic pain conditions. SNRIs are believed to work by increasing the levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, which are thought to have a good influence on mood and emotional state.

Mechanism of Action

SNRIs function by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, two key neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. By blocking the reuptake of these neurotransmitters, SNRIs increase their availability in the synaptic cleft, thereby enhancing neurotransmission. This action is thought to contribute to their antidepressant and anxiolytic effects.

Pharmacology

SNRIs are structurally diverse and include several different compounds, each with unique pharmacokinetic properties. Common SNRIs include:

• Venlafaxine - One of the first SNRIs developed, it is used to treat depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social phobia.
• Duloxetine - Used for major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia, and neuropathic pain.
• Desvenlafaxine - An active metabolite of venlafaxine, used for major depressive disorder.
• Levomilnacipran - Approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder.

Clinical Uses

SNRIs are primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. They are also prescribed for chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain. The choice of SNRI depends on the specific condition being treated, the patient's response to the medication, and the side effect profile.

Side Effects

Common side effects of SNRIs include nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, insomnia, and increased sweating. Some patients may experience an increase in blood pressure, especially at higher doses. Sexual dysfunction is also a reported side effect. It is important for patients to discuss any side effects with their healthcare provider.

Comparison with SSRIs

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are another class of antidepressants that primarily affect serotonin levels. While both SSRIs and SNRIs are effective for treating depression and anxiety, SNRIs may be more effective for certain patients, particularly those with chronic pain conditions, due to their dual action on serotonin and norepinephrine.

Also see

• Antidepressant
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
• Tricyclic antidepressant
• Neurotransmitter