Severe acute malnutrition

Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is a life-threatening condition that primarily affects children under five years of age. It is characterized by extreme weight loss and/or a very low weight-for-height measurement.

Definition

Severe Acute Malnutrition is defined by a very low weight for height (below -3z scores of the median WHO growth standards), by visible severe wasting, or by the presence of nutritional oedema.

Causes

The primary cause of SAM is a diet that does not provide enough nutrients. This can occur when a child is not eating enough food, is not eating the right types of food, or has an illness that causes them to lose nutrients. Other factors that can contribute to SAM include poor sanitation, lack of clean water, and lack of access to healthcare.

Symptoms

Children with SAM may show signs of extreme weight loss, fatigue, irritability, and a lack of appetite. They may also have a swollen belly, dry and peeling skin, and an increased susceptibility to infections.

Treatment

The treatment for SAM involves providing the child with a special diet that is high in energy and nutrients. This is often done through therapeutic feeding programs, which provide ready-to-use therapeutic foods. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

Prevention

Prevention of SAM involves ensuring that children have access to a healthy diet, clean water, and healthcare. This can be achieved through a combination of direct interventions (such as providing nutrient-rich foods and treating illnesses) and indirect interventions (such as improving sanitation and access to healthcare).

See also

• Malnutrition
• Childhood malnutrition
• Therapeutic feeding program
• Ready-to-use therapeutic food

Severe acute malnutrition Resources
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