Shwartzman phenomenon

Shwartzman phenomenon is a medical condition that is characterized by a specific reaction to bacteria or endotoxins. It was first described by the Russian pathologist Gregory Shwartzman in the 1920s. The phenomenon can occur in two forms: the generalized Shwartzman reaction and the local Shwartzman reaction.

Generalized Shwartzman reaction

The generalized Shwartzman reaction is a severe systemic reaction that can occur when a person is exposed to large amounts of endotoxins. This reaction can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a serious condition that can cause organ damage and death.

Local Shwartzman reaction

The local Shwartzman reaction is a localized reaction that occurs at the site of endotoxin injection. This reaction can lead to tissue necrosis and inflammation.

Causes

The Shwartzman phenomenon is caused by the body's immune response to endotoxins, which are toxic substances produced by certain types of bacteria. The body's immune system produces antibodies to fight off the endotoxins, but in some cases, this immune response can lead to the Shwartzman phenomenon.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of the Shwartzman phenomenon is based on the patient's medical history and physical examination. Laboratory tests may also be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

The treatment for the Shwartzman phenomenon is primarily supportive. This may include intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and corticosteroids. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

See also

• Disseminated intravascular coagulation
• Endotoxin
• Immune response

References

Shwartzman phenomenon Resources
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