Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

(Venice) La distruzione del tempio di Gerusalemme -Francesco Hayez - gallerie Accademia Venice

The Siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE was a pivotal event during the First Jewish–Roman War. The siege led to the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple, marking a significant turning point in Jewish history.

Background

The First Jewish–Roman War, also known as the Great Revolt, began in 66 CE due to religious and political tensions between the Jews and the Roman Empire. The conflict escalated, leading to a full-scale rebellion against Roman rule.

The Siege

In 70 CE, the Roman general Titus, son of Emperor Vespasian, was tasked with capturing Jerusalem. The city was heavily fortified, and the defenders, led by John of Giscala and Simon bar Giora, put up a fierce resistance.

Roman Strategy

The Romans employed a combination of siege tactics, including the construction of a circumvallation wall to encircle the city and prevent supplies from entering. They also used siege engines to breach the city's defenses.

Destruction of the Second Temple

One of the most significant outcomes of the siege was the destruction of the Second Temple, a central place of worship for the Jewish people. The temple was set ablaze, and its destruction is commemorated annually on the Jewish fast day of Tisha B'Av.

Aftermath

The fall of Jerusalem had profound consequences for the Jewish people. The city was razed, and many of its inhabitants were killed or enslaved. The destruction of the Second Temple marked the end of the Second Temple period and led to significant changes in Jewish religious practices and community life.

Legacy

The Siege of Jerusalem is remembered as a tragic and transformative event in Jewish history. It is a key subject of study in both Jewish and Roman history and has been depicted in various historical and religious texts.

See also

• First Jewish–Roman War
• Second Temple
• Tisha B'Av
• John of Giscala
• Simon bar Giora
• Vespasian
• Titus

Further reading

• Josephus, The Jewish War