Silymarin

Silymarin is a flavonolignan complex extracted from the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum). It is composed of three main flavonolignans: silybin, silydianin, and silychristin. Silymarin is used as a dietary supplement for its potential health benefits, particularly for its hepatoprotective properties.

History

The use of milk thistle as a medicinal herb dates back to ancient times, with references to its use in the works of Pliny the Elder and Dioscorides. The active compound, silymarin, was first isolated in the 1960s.

Composition

Silymarin is a complex mixture of polyphenolic molecules, including seven closely related flavonolignans (silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silychristin, isosilychristin, silydianin) and one flavonoid (taxifolin). Silybin, a diastereoisomeric mixture of silybin A and silybin B, is the most prevalent and is considered the most biologically active.

Pharmacology

Silymarin exhibits various pharmacological effects, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. It has been used in the treatment of hepatitis, cirrhosis, and toxicity caused by chemicals, drugs, and alcohol.

Clinical significance

While silymarin has been used for a long time in traditional medicine, clinical evidence for its effectiveness is mixed. Some studies suggest that it may improve liver function in people with liver diseases, but more high-quality clinical trials are needed.

Safety

Silymarin is generally considered safe when taken by mouth as a supplement. However, it can cause side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, bloating, gas, and upset stomach. People with allergies to plants in the same family (Asteraceae/Compositae) should use silymarin with caution.

See also

• Milk thistle
• Flavonolignan
• Dietary supplement

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