Simple dolmen

Simple Dolmen

A simple dolmen is a type of megalithic tomb structure that is characterized by its basic construction, typically consisting of a few large stones. These ancient structures are found in various parts of the world and are among the earliest forms of monumental architecture. Simple dolmens are significant in the study of prehistoric cultures and provide insights into the burial practices and social structures of early human societies.

Structure and Design

A simple dolmen typically consists of:

• Capstone: A large, flat stone that rests horizontally on top of the supporting stones.
• Orthostats: Upright stones that support the capstone. These are usually two or more stones placed vertically in the ground.
• Chamber: The space beneath the capstone, which was used for burial purposes.

The construction of simple dolmens required significant effort and coordination, indicating a level of social organization among the builders. The stones used in dolmens were often transported from considerable distances, suggesting the importance of these structures in the communities that built them.

Historical Context

Simple dolmens date back to the Neolithic period, approximately 4000 to 3000 BCE. They are found in various regions, including Europe, Asia, and Africa. The distribution of dolmens suggests a widespread cultural practice of erecting megalithic tombs during this period.

In Europe, simple dolmens are commonly found in regions such as Brittany in France, the Iberian Peninsula, and the British Isles. In Asia, they are prevalent in Korea and India. The presence of dolmens in different parts of the world indicates that similar burial practices developed independently in various cultures.

Function and Significance

The primary function of simple dolmens was as burial sites. They often contained human remains, along with grave goods such as pottery, tools, and ornaments. These items provide valuable information about the material culture and beliefs of the societies that constructed the dolmens.

Dolmens are also thought to have served as territorial markers or symbols of social status. The effort required to build a dolmen suggests that they were important communal projects, possibly reflecting the power or influence of the individuals buried within them.

Archaeological Studies

Archaeologists study simple dolmens to understand the technological capabilities and social structures of prehistoric societies. Excavations of dolmen sites have revealed information about the diet, health, and lifestyle of the people who built and used these structures.

Radiocarbon dating and other scientific techniques have been used to establish the age of dolmens and to study the environmental conditions at the time of their construction. These studies contribute to our understanding of the broader cultural and historical context of the Neolithic period.

Also see

• Megalithic tomb
• Neolithic architecture
• Capstone (architecture)
• Orthostat
• Burial practices