Sium sisarum

Sium sisarum JRVdH 01

Sium sisarum, commonly known as skirret, is a perennial plant of the family Apiaceae, which includes well-known vegetables and herbs such as carrot, parsley, and celery. Skirret is notable for its cluster of sweet, white, edible roots which have been cultivated as a vegetable since ancient times. The plant is native to China but has been spread and cultivated in Europe and North America for its unique flavor and nutritional benefits.

Description

Sium sisarum grows to a height of 1-1.5 meters and features pinnate leaves that are similar in appearance to those of its cousin, the carrot. The plant produces umbels of small white flowers, which are typical of the Apiaceae family. After flowering, it develops clusters of slender, sweet-tasting roots. Each root can be up to 20 cm long and 2 cm in diameter. The roots are the primary reason for the plant's cultivation and can be eaten raw or cooked.

Cultivation

Skirret prefers rich, moist, well-drained soils and can be grown in temperate climates. It is more tolerant of wet conditions than many other root vegetables, making it a suitable crop for areas where other roots might not thrive. Skirret is propagated by seed or by division of the root clumps in early spring or late autumn. The plant benefits from regular watering and the removal of competing weeds. Harvesting of the roots typically occurs in late autumn or early winter, after the foliage has died back.

History

The cultivation of skirret dates back to ancient China, where it was valued for its sweet-tasting roots. It was introduced to Europe by the Romans, who appreciated it as a culinary delicacy. Throughout the Middle Ages, skirret remained a popular vegetable in Europe, particularly in England and France, before being overshadowed by the introduction of the potato. Despite its decline in popularity, skirret continues to be grown in gardens and small farms, especially those focusing on heirloom and historical plants.

Culinary Uses

Skirret's sweet, succulent roots are its most prized feature. They can be eaten raw, where they impart a crisp, sweet flavor, or cooked in a variety of ways. Boiling, roasting, and frying are common methods of preparation, and skirret can be used in soups, stews, and stir-fries. The roots have also been historically used to make a sweet syrup or candied as a confection.

Nutritional Value

While specific nutritional information on skirret is limited, it is known to be a good source of carbohydrates, particularly sugars, giving it its sweet taste. It also contains dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, making it a nutritious addition to the diet.

Current Status

Today, Sium sisarum is considered a rare and heritage vegetable, often found in specialty gardens and among enthusiasts of historical plants. Its cultivation in modern gardens is promoted as a means of preserving its genetic diversity and historical significance.