Slaframine

Slaframine

Slaframine is a mycotoxic compound produced by the fungal organism Rhizoctonia leguminicola, commonly known as the black patch fungus. This fungus affects various legume plants, notably clover and alfalfa, leading to a condition in livestock known as slaframine poisoning or "slobbers syndrome". Slaframine stimulates the salivary glands, causing excessive salivation in affected animals. It is a significant concern in the field of veterinary medicine and agriculture, particularly in regions where these plants are cultivated as major fodder crops.

Production and Characteristics

Slaframine is synthesized by Rhizoctonia leguminicola during specific environmental conditions, particularly in warm and humid climates, which are conducive to the growth of this fungus. The chemical structure of slaframine allows it to interact with the muscarinic receptors in the salivary glands, leading to increased saliva production.

Effects and Symptoms

The primary symptom of slaframine poisoning in livestock is excessive salivation. Other symptoms may include bloat, diarrhea, and reduced feed intake, which can lead to weight loss and decreased production efficiency. While slaframine poisoning is rarely fatal, the discomfort it causes to animals and the potential economic losses to farmers make it a significant concern.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of slaframine poisoning is primarily based on the observation of symptoms and the presence of the fungus in the feed. Laboratory tests can confirm the presence of slaframine in the affected feed. Treatment involves removing the contaminated feed from the animals' diet and providing supportive care to alleviate symptoms. In most cases, animals recover with no long-term effects once the source of slaframine is eliminated.

Prevention

Preventive measures against slaframine poisoning include proper management of pastures and fodder crops to minimize the conditions favorable for the growth of Rhizoctonia leguminicola. This can involve regular mowing, avoiding over-irrigation, and implementing crop rotation strategies to reduce the fungal spore load in the soil.

See Also

• Mycotoxin
• Veterinary toxicology
• Fungal diseases of animals