Small intestinal fungal overgrowth

Small Intestinal Fungal Overgrowth (SIFO) is a medical condition characterized by an excessive growth of fungal organisms, primarily yeast, in the small intestine. This condition can lead to a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms and is considered a subset of the broader category of intestinal dysbiosis, which refers to an imbalance of the microbial community within the intestines.

Causes and Risk Factors

SIFO can be caused by a variety of factors that disrupt the normal balance of the microbiome in the small intestine. These factors include, but are not limited to, prolonged use of antibiotics which can diminish the population of protective bacteria, a diet high in sugars and refined carbohydrates that feed fungal growth, impaired immunity, and conditions that affect gut motility or the integrity of the intestinal barrier.

Symptoms

The symptoms of SIFO are similar to those of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and can include:

• Abdominal pain and bloating
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Nausea
• Fatigue
• Nutritional deficiencies due to malabsorption

Diagnosis

Diagnosing SIFO can be challenging as its symptoms overlap with many other gastrointestinal disorders. Currently, the most direct method of diagnosis involves taking a sample from the small intestine during an endoscopy and culturing it to identify fungal organisms. However, this procedure is invasive and not routinely performed. Researchers are exploring less invasive tests, such as stool tests and blood tests that look for antibodies against fungi.

Treatment

Treatment for SIFO typically involves the use of antifungal medications to reduce the fungal population in the small intestine, alongside dietary changes to limit the intake of foods that feed fungal growth. Probiotics may also be recommended to help restore a healthy balance of gut flora. In some cases, addressing underlying conditions that contribute to SIFO is necessary for effective management.

Prevention

Preventative measures for SIFO include maintaining a balanced diet low in sugars and refined carbohydrates, avoiding unnecessary use of antibiotics, and managing stress levels, as stress can impact gut health and immunity.

See Also

• Gastrointestinal tract
• Candidiasis
• Leaky gut syndrome
• Probiotics