Smallpox virus retention debate

Smallpox Virus Retention Debate

The smallpox virus retention debate is a scientific and policy discussion regarding whether the remaining live variola virus stocks should be destroyed or retained for research purposes. This debate has been ongoing since the eradication of smallpox in 1980.

Background

Smallpox was a highly contagious and deadly disease caused by the variola virus. It was declared eradicated in 1980 following a successful global vaccination campaign led by the World Health Organization. After eradication, the only known remaining stocks of the live virus were kept in two secure laboratories: one in the United States at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, and the other in Russia at the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR in Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Oblast.

Arguments for Retention

Proponents of retaining the smallpox virus argue that the live virus is necessary for:

• Research and Development: Continued research on the variola virus could lead to the development of new vaccines, antiviral drugs, and diagnostic tests. This is particularly important in the context of potential bioterrorism threats.

• Scientific Knowledge: Studying the virus can provide insights into viral pathogenesis, immune response, and the evolution of viruses.

• Preparedness: Retaining the virus allows for the development of countermeasures in case of an accidental or intentional release of smallpox.

Arguments for Destruction

Opponents of retaining the virus argue that:

• Risk of Accidental Release: Keeping the virus poses a risk of accidental release, which could lead to a public health crisis.

• Moral and Ethical Concerns: The continued existence of the virus is seen as a moral hazard, as it could potentially be used as a biological weapon.

• Redundancy: Advances in synthetic biology mean that the virus could potentially be recreated from its genetic sequence, making the physical stocks redundant.

International Discussions

The debate over the retention of the smallpox virus has been a recurring topic at the World Health Assembly (WHA), the decision-making body of the WHO. Various resolutions have been passed, urging the destruction of the virus stocks, but no consensus has been reached.

Current Status

As of the latest discussions, the live variola virus stocks remain in the two designated laboratories. The WHO continues to oversee the research conducted on these stocks, ensuring that it is in line with international agreements and safety standards.

Conclusion

The smallpox virus retention debate highlights the complex interplay between scientific research, public health policy, and biosecurity. It remains a contentious issue with strong arguments on both sides, reflecting broader concerns about the management of dangerous pathogens in the modern world.