Snake venom

Snake venom is a highly modified saliva containing zootoxins that facilitates the immobilization and digestion of prey, and is used defensively as a method of self-defense. It is injected by unique fangs during a bite, and some species are also able to spit their venom.

Composition

The proteins in snake venom are responsible for the venom's deadly effects. They are divided into four categories: enzymes, polypeptides and peptides, metalloproteins, and free amino acids and lipids. Each of these components has a different effect on the human body, ranging from paralysis to death.

Effects

Snake venom can cause a variety of effects, including pain, swelling, necrosis, and paralysis. The specific effects depend on the type of snake, the amount of venom, and the location of the bite. In some cases, snake venom can also cause systemic effects such as vomiting, diarrhea, and unconsciousness.

Treatment

The primary treatment for snake venom is the administration of antivenom, which is a serum that contains antibodies against the venom. This treatment can be life-saving, but it must be administered as soon as possible after the bite. In addition to antivenom, supportive care such as pain management and wound care is also important.

See also

• Antivenom
• Snakebite
• Venomous snake

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