Social Stories

Social Stories are a concept developed in the early 1990s by Carol Gray, aimed at helping individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other social communication disorders understand the nuances of interpersonal communication and social interaction. These stories are short descriptions of a particular situation, event, or activity, which include specific information about what to expect in that situation and why. The primary goal of Social Stories is to increase the individual's understanding by providing clear information about social cues, others' perspectives, and expected behaviors.

Development and Purpose

Social Stories were developed as a unique strategy to support individuals with ASD, a group that often struggles with the abstract and unpredictable nature of social communication. Carol Gray, a teacher and consultant working with children and adults with autism, created Social Stories to bridge this gap. The stories are tailored to meet the individual needs of the reader, making them a versatile tool in both educational settings and daily life.

The purpose of Social Stories is multifaceted:

• To improve understanding of social situations
• To increase comfort levels in social interactions
• To provide strategies and coping mechanisms for dealing with social challenges
• To enhance communication skills

Components of a Social Story

A Social Story is typically written from the first-person perspective and is presented in a simple and concise manner. The stories are made up of descriptive, perspective, directive, and affirmative sentences that provide information about social situations and expectations.

• Descriptive sentences explain the context and provide details about the setting, participants, and actions.
• Perspective sentences describe the internal states of others, including their thoughts, feelings, and motivations.
• Directive sentences suggest possible responses or actions to the situation described.
• Affirmative sentences reinforce the message with a positive statement, often reflecting a shared value or opinion.

Creating a Social Story

When creating a Social Story, it is important to consider the individual's age, interests, and level of understanding. The story should be written in a positive tone, focusing on what the individual should do rather than what they should not do. Visual supports, such as pictures or symbols, can be added to enhance understanding, especially for those with limited reading skills.

Effectiveness and Application

Research on the effectiveness of Social Stories has shown positive outcomes, particularly in increasing social understanding and improving social interactions among individuals with ASD. However, the effectiveness can vary depending on how well the story is tailored to the individual's needs and how consistently it is integrated into their learning and development strategies.

Social Stories are used in a variety of settings, including schools, therapy sessions, and homes. They can be applied to a wide range of situations, from everyday activities like going to the supermarket, to more complex social interactions, such as understanding how to navigate friendship dynamics.

Conclusion

Social Stories are a valuable tool in the toolkit for supporting individuals with ASD and other social communication disorders. By providing clear, understandable explanations of social norms and expectations, Social Stories can help bridge the gap between abstract social concepts and concrete understanding, leading to improved social interaction and communication skills.