Social model of disability

Social model of disability is a perspective that views disability as a socially created problem and not an attribute of an individual. It distinguishes between 'impairment' (the physical or mental limitation) and 'disability' (the social exclusion that results from societal barriers). The model emphasizes societal change to accommodate individuals with impairments, rather than expecting those individuals to fit into a society not designed for them.

Origins

The social model of disability was developed by the Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation (UPIAS) in the United Kingdom during the 1970s. It was a response to the traditional medical model of disability, which views disability as an individual problem that needs to be fixed or cured.

Principles

The social model of disability proposes that societal attitudes, barriers and structures are the primary cause of disability, not the individual's physical or mental differences. It argues that society should be structured and organized in such a way that all individuals, regardless of their physical or mental capabilities, can participate fully in all aspects of life.

Impact

The social model of disability has had a significant impact on disability rights movements and policies worldwide. It has influenced the development of disability rights legislation, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the United States and the Equality Act 2010 in the United Kingdom. It has also shaped the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD).

Criticisms

While the social model of disability has been influential, it has also faced criticism. Some argue that it overlooks the experiences of individuals with impairments, particularly those with chronic pain or illness. Others suggest that it fails to acknowledge the potential benefits of medical interventions.

See also

• Medical model of disability
• Disability rights movement
• Disability studies