Societal norm

An article about societal norms in the context of sociology and their impact on behavior.

Societal norms are the accepted behaviors that an individual is expected to conform to in a particular group, community, or culture. These norms are the unwritten rules that govern social behavior and expectations, providing a framework for what is considered acceptable and unacceptable within a society.

Overview

Societal norms are a fundamental concept in sociology and anthropology, as they help to maintain order and predictability in social interactions. They are learned through socialization, a process that begins in childhood and continues throughout an individual's life. Norms can vary significantly between different cultures and societies, and they can change over time as societies evolve.

Types of Societal Norms

Societal norms can be categorized into several types:

• Folkways: These are the everyday norms that govern casual interactions. Violating a folkway does not usually have serious consequences. For example, dressing appropriately for a particular occasion is a folkway.

• Mores: These are norms that are seen as vital to the welfare of a society and are often upheld by laws. Violating mores can result in severe social disapproval or legal sanctions. An example of a more is the prohibition against theft.

• Taboos: These are norms that are so deeply ingrained that even the thought of violating them is repugnant. Taboos often involve behaviors that are considered sacred or forbidden, such as incest.

• Laws: These are formalized norms that are enforced by a political authority. Laws are written rules that are meant to be followed by all members of a society.

Functions of Societal Norms

Societal norms serve several important functions:

• Social Order: Norms help to maintain social order by providing guidelines for behavior, which reduces uncertainty and promotes predictability in social interactions.

• Social Control: Norms act as a form of social control, encouraging conformity and discouraging deviance. This helps to ensure that individuals act in ways that are consistent with the values and expectations of the society.

• Cultural Identity: Norms contribute to the cultural identity of a group by defining what is considered normal and acceptable within that culture.

Changing Societal Norms

Societal norms are not static; they can change over time due to various factors such as technological advancements, cultural exchanges, and social movements. For example, norms regarding gender roles have evolved significantly in many societies over the past century.

Criticism of Societal Norms

While societal norms can promote social cohesion, they can also be criticized for perpetuating inequality and discrimination. Norms that are based on stereotypes or that marginalize certain groups can be harmful and unjust.

Also see

• Socialization
• Cultural anthropology
• Social control
• Deviance (sociology)
• Cultural identity