Society of Jesus

Religious order of the Catholic Church

The Society of Jesus (SJ; Latin: Societas Iesu ) is a religious order of the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions with the approval of Pope Paul III in 1540. The members are called Jesuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. They also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue.

History

The Society of Jesus was founded in 1534 by Ignatius of Loyola, a Spanish soldier who experienced a religious conversion while recovering from a battle injury. Ignatius and his companions, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and committed themselves to the service of the Pope. The order was officially approved by Pope Paul III in 1540.

Mission and Activities

The Jesuits are known for their work in education, founding and operating schools, colleges, and universities around the world. They are also involved in missionary work, social justice initiatives, and interfaith dialogue. The Jesuits have a strong intellectual tradition and have made significant contributions to theology, philosophy, and the sciences.

Organization

The Society of Jesus is organized into provinces, each headed by a provincial superior. The head of the entire order is the Superior General, who is elected for life by the General Congregation. The current Superior General is Arturo Sosa.

Notable Jesuits

• Ignatius of Loyola
• Francis Xavier
• Peter Faber
• Matteo Ricci
• Gerard Manley Hopkins
• Pope Francis

Influence

The Jesuits have had a significant impact on the Catholic Church and the world. They have been influential in the fields of education, science, and theology. Jesuit schools and universities are known for their academic rigor and commitment to social justice.

Criticism and Controversies

Throughout history, the Jesuits have faced criticism and controversy. They were suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773 but were restored by Pope Pius VII in 1814. The order has also been criticized for its involvement in colonialism and its role in the Inquisition.

See also

• Ignatius of Loyola
• Francis Xavier
• Jesuit education
• List of Jesuit institutions
• Superior General of the Society of Jesus