Sodium chlorate

Sodium chlorate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaClO3. It is a white crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water. Sodium chlorate is used primarily as a bleaching agent in the paper and pulp industry, and as a herbicide.

Chemical properties

Sodium chlorate is a strong oxidizing agent. It decomposes above 300 °C to release oxygen and leave sodium chloride. This reaction has been used in emergency breathing apparatus.

Production

Sodium chlorate is produced industrially by the electrolysis of a hot sodium chloride solution in an electrolytic cell. This process is known as the chloralkali process.

Uses

The main application of sodium chlorate is in the production of chlorine dioxide for bleaching of pulp. It is also used as a non-selective herbicide. It is considered phytotoxic to all green plant parts. It can also kill through root absorption.

Safety

Sodium chlorate can be dangerous if it comes into contact with fire or organic materials due to its strong oxidizing properties. It is also harmful if swallowed or inhaled.

Environmental impact

Sodium chlorate is a strong oxidizer and can accelerate the burning of other materials. If large quantities are involved in a fire or the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result.