Sodium perborate

Sodium perborate is a chemical compound with the formula NaBO₃. It is a white, odorless, water-soluble solid that serves as a source of active oxygen in many detergents, laundry detergents, cleaning products, and laundry bleaches. Sodium perborate exists in several hydrate forms, including monohydrate (NaBO₃·H₂O) and tetrahydrate (NaBO₃·4H₂O). It is used not only in household cleaning agents but also in some personal care products such as tooth whitening systems and in the medical field for its antiseptic properties.

Chemistry

Sodium perborate is synthesized through the reaction of sodium borate with hydrogen peroxide, followed by crystallization. It releases hydrogen peroxide when dissolved in water, which accounts for its bleaching and disinfecting capabilities. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions but decomposes upon heating or in the presence of acids, releasing oxygen and exhibiting its oxidizing properties.

Applications

Laundry and Cleaning

In the realm of laundry and cleaning products, sodium perborate serves as a bleaching agent, helping to remove stains and brighten colors. Its ability to release oxygen upon dissolution in water makes it effective in breaking down organic stains such as those from food, blood, and grass.

Personal Care

In personal care, particularly in dental hygiene products like tooth whitening formulas, sodium perborate acts as a mild bleaching agent. It helps in removing stains from the surface of the teeth, contributing to a whiter smile.

Medical Uses

Medically, sodium perborate has been utilized for its antiseptic properties. It is found in some ear drops and wound cleansers, where its ability to release oxygen helps in cleaning and disinfecting the affected areas.

Safety and Environmental Concerns

While sodium perborate is generally considered safe for household and personal use when used as directed, it can pose risks upon ingestion or if it comes into direct contact with the skin or eyes, leading to irritation. Environmental concerns also arise with the use of sodium perborate in detergents and cleaners, as its breakdown products can contribute to oxygen depletion in water bodies, affecting aquatic life.

Regulation

The use of sodium perborate in various products is subject to regulation by health and environmental agencies in many countries. These regulations aim to ensure the safe manufacture, handling, and disposal of sodium perborate-containing products to minimize their impact on human health and the environment.

See Also

• Borax
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Oxidizing agent
• Environmental impact of cleaning agents