Sodium borate

Sodium borate is a chemical compound with the formula Na2B4O7. It is a salt of boric acid and sodium hydroxide. Sodium borate is also known as borax, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate. It is one of the most important compounds of boron, being used for a variety of applications in both industry and households.

Chemical Properties

Sodium borate is a white, crystalline solid at room temperature. It is soluble in water, forming a slightly alkaline solution. The compound is stable under normal conditions, but it decomposes when heated, releasing boron oxide and sodium oxide.

Production

Sodium borate is primarily produced from boron ores, particularly borate minerals such as borax and kernite. The ores are mined, purified, and then processed to produce sodium borate. The largest producers of sodium borate are the United States, Turkey, and Russia.

Uses

Sodium borate has a wide range of uses. It is used in the manufacture of glass, ceramics, and enamels. It is also used as a flux in metallurgy, a fire retardant, an antiseptic, and a water softener. In addition, sodium borate is used in the production of detergents, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It is also a key ingredient in slime, a popular children's toy.

Safety

While sodium borate is generally safe for use in household and industrial applications, it can be harmful if ingested or inhaled in large quantities. It can cause irritation to the skin and eyes, and prolonged exposure can lead to respiratory problems. Therefore, it is important to handle sodium borate with care and use appropriate safety measures.

Environmental Impact

Sodium borate can have a negative impact on the environment if not properly managed. It can contaminate water sources and harm aquatic life. Therefore, it is important to dispose of sodium borate waste in a responsible manner.

See Also

• Boric acid
• Sodium hydroxide
• Boron
• Borate minerals