Somatic cell count

Somatic Cell Count (SCC) is a key indicator used in the dairy industry to measure the quality of milk. It refers to the total number of cells, primarily white blood cells, present in one milliliter of milk. White blood cells are a natural part of the animal's immune response and are present in higher numbers in the milk as a response to an infection, such as mastitis, a common inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy animals. Therefore, the SCC is a direct indicator of the health of the dairy animal's udder and, by extension, the quality of the milk being produced.

Overview

The SCC is measured in cells per milliliter (cells/mL) of milk. In many countries, regulatory limits are set for the maximum allowable SCC in milk intended for sale. For example, the European Union has set a limit of 400,000 cells/mL for bovine milk. Lower SCC values are generally associated with higher quality milk, as they indicate good animal health, effective herd management, and minimal udder infections.

Importance

The importance of monitoring and managing SCC levels in milk cannot be overstated. High SCC levels can affect the milk's quality, reducing its shelf life, flavor, and processing characteristics. For dairy producers, maintaining low SCC levels is essential for meeting regulatory standards, ensuring product quality, and maximizing financial returns. High SCC levels can lead to penalties, reduced milk prices, or even rejection of milk by processors.

Measurement and Management

SCC is measured using various methods, including the Fossomatic electronic cell counter and the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Dairy farmers regularly test their herds to monitor SCC levels, identify infected animals, and take appropriate management or treatment actions. Effective strategies for reducing SCC include maintaining good barn hygiene, implementing proper milking procedures, and ensuring the overall health and nutrition of the herd.

Implications for Human Health

While SCC itself is not harmful to human health, it is an indirect measure of milk quality and safety. Milk with high SCC levels may indicate the presence of pathogens that could cause foodborne illnesses. Therefore, regulatory limits on SCC are part of broader efforts to ensure the safety and quality of dairy products.

Economic Impact

For the dairy industry, the economic impact of SCC is significant. Milk with high SCC often results in financial penalties for farmers, reduced milk yield, and increased veterinary costs. On the other hand, maintaining low SCC levels can lead to premium prices for milk and increased profitability.