Somatostatin receptor 5

Somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR5 gene. It is one of the five G protein-coupled receptors for somatostatin, a hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via interaction with G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors.

Structure[edit | edit source]

The SSTR5 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 16 (16p13.3). The protein encoded by this gene is a multi-pass membrane protein that belongs to the somatostatin receptor family. This protein is expressed in highest levels in the pituitary gland, pancreas, stomach, and adrenal gland.

Function[edit | edit source]

SSTR5 is involved in the inhibition of the release of hormones such as insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone. It also plays a role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and neuronal activities. The receptor is known to couple to the G protein Gi/Go and inhibit adenylate cyclase. It also regulates the production of cAMP and activates mitogen-activated protein kinase.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Mutations in the SSTR5 gene have been associated with various diseases, including acromegaly, a disorder characterized by excessive growth due to the overproduction of growth hormone. In addition, SSTR5 is a potential therapeutic target for neuroendocrine tumors and diabetes mellitus.