Somatotropin

Somatotropin (also known as growth hormone or GH) is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. It is thus important in human development. It is a type of protein hormone that is synthesized and secreted by cells called somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary. It is a major participant in control of several complex physiologic processes, including growth and metabolism.

Structure

Somatotropin is a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide that is synthesized, stored and secreted by somatotropic cells within the lateral wings of the anterior pituitary gland.

Function

Somatotropin operates through binding to the GH receptor, turning on a variety of biological effects. In particular, it stimulates the liver to produce IGF-1. This process is complex, involving at least two intermediary steps, and is subject to feedback through both the liver and the target tissues.

Clinical significance

Deficiency of GH produces significantly different problems at various ages. In newborn infants the primary manifestations may be hypoglycemia or micropenis. In later infancy and childhood, growth failure may be major effect. Adults with growth hormone deficiency may have diminished lean body mass and poor bone density and a number of physical and psychological symptoms.

See also

• Growth hormone therapy
• Growth hormone treatment
• Growth hormone in sports

References

Somatotropin Resources
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