Insulin-like growth factor 1

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also known as somatomedin C, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene. IGF-1 has many similar molecular properties to insulin and is a hormone that plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults.

Structure

IGF-1 is a single-chain polypeptide consisting of 70 amino acids. Its structure includes four domains: B, C, A, and D. The B, C, and A domains are similar to the A and B chains in insulin, and the D domain is the extension at the N-terminal end of the molecule.

Function

IGF-1 is primarily produced by the liver as an endocrine hormone. It plays a crucial role in muscle repair and development by mediating the effects of growth hormone (GH). IGF-1 binds to its receptor, IGF1R, present in many tissue types, to promote growth and development.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the levels of IGF-1 are associated with a variety of diseases. High levels of IGF-1 may lead to acromegaly, a condition characterized by excessive growth. Low levels of IGF-1 may result in dwarfism. IGF-1 is also implicated in several cancers, including breast cancer and prostate cancer.

Therapeutic use

Recombinant IGF-1, produced using recombinant DNA technology, is used in the treatment of growth failure. It is also being investigated for its potential to treat conditions such as muscular dystrophy, diabetes, and aging.

See also

• Insulin-like growth factor 2
• Growth hormone
• Insulin