Somatotropin receptor

Somatotropin receptor (also known as growth hormone receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GHR gene. The somatotropin receptor is a member of the cytokine receptor family. When growth hormone binds to it, it activates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.

Structure

The somatotropin receptor is a transmembrane receptor that is located in the cell membrane of target cells. It is a large protein, with a molecular weight of approximately 620 kDa. The receptor is made up of 620 amino acids and is divided into three domains: an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain.

Function

The primary function of the somatotropin receptor is to bind to growth hormone and mediate its effects on the body. These effects include the stimulation of cell growth and cell division, the regulation of metabolism, and the promotion of protein synthesis. The receptor also plays a role in the regulation of body growth, body composition, and body fat distribution.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the GHR gene can lead to a variety of medical conditions. For example, a lack of functional somatotropin receptors can result in Laron syndrome, a rare form of short stature. On the other hand, overactivity of the somatotropin receptor can lead to gigantism or acromegaly, conditions characterized by excessive growth.

See also

• Growth hormone
• Cytokine receptor
• JAK-STAT signaling pathway
• Laron syndrome
• Gigantism
• Acromegaly