Soul music

Ray Charles classic piano pose

JamesBrown

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Sam Cooke 1961

Solomon Burke

Aretha Franklin on January 20, 2009

Marvin Gaye (1973)

Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the African American community in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues (R&B), and jazz. Soul music became popular for its deep, expressive vocals and emphasis on melody and emotion. It played an important role in the civil rights movement and has influenced many other music genres, including rock, hip hop, and pop.

History

The roots of soul music can be traced back to the African American spirituals and gospel music of the 19th and early 20th centuries. In the 1950s, artists like Ray Charles and Sam Cooke began to blend gospel music with the rhythms and instrumentation of R&B, laying the groundwork for soul music. The 1960s saw the rise of major soul music labels, such as Motown Records, Stax Records, and Atlantic Records, which produced records for a wide array of artists, including Aretha Franklin, Otis Redding, and James Brown. These artists brought soul music to a broader audience, making it a major cultural force.

Characteristics

Soul music is characterized by its use of church-inspired vocals and call-and-response patterns. The instrumentation typically includes brass, drums, bass, and keyboards, with an emphasis on the rhythm section. The lyrics often deal with themes of love, pain, and the quest for freedom and justice, reflecting the African American experience.

Subgenres

Soul music has given rise to several subgenres, including:

• Motown: Characterized by its pop-oriented sound and polished production, Motown played a key role in racial integration of popular music.
• Southern Soul: Originating from the southern United States, this subgenre is known for its raw emotion and emphasis on the vocal performance.
• Neo-Soul: Emerging in the 1990s, neo-soul combines soul with elements of hip hop, jazz, and funk, focusing on a more contemporary sound.

Influence

Soul music has had a profound impact on various music genres. Its emotive vocal style and emphasis on melody have influenced rock, pop, and hip hop artists. Additionally, soul music has played a significant role in the social and cultural movements of the 20th century, particularly the civil rights movement, where songs like Sam Cooke's "A Change Is Gonna Come" became anthems for change and equality.

Legacy

Today, soul music is celebrated for its historical importance and its ongoing influence on contemporary music. Artists like Alicia Keys, John Legend, and Amy Winehouse have drawn on soul music traditions to create their own unique sounds. The genre's rich history and enduring appeal continue to inspire new generations of musicians and fans alike.