South Vietnam

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South Vietnam (officially the Republic of Vietnam) was a state that existed from 1955 to 1975, governing the southern half of what is now Vietnam. It was established following the Geneva Conference and the subsequent division of Vietnam at the 17th parallel.

History

Formation

South Vietnam was created as a result of the Geneva Accords, which temporarily separated Vietnam into two zones, with the north controlled by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) and the south by the State of Vietnam. In 1955, Ngô Đình Diệm declared the formation of the Republic of Vietnam and became its first president after a controversial referendum.

Vietnam War

The Vietnam War (1955-1975) was a prolonged conflict between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and South Vietnam, backed primarily by the United States and other anti-communist nations. The war escalated in the 1960s, with significant U.S. military involvement. The Tet Offensive in 1968 was a turning point, leading to increased anti-war sentiment in the United States.

Fall of Saigon

The war ended on April 30, 1975, with the Fall of Saigon, when North Vietnamese forces captured the capital of South Vietnam, Saigon. This event marked the end of the Republic of Vietnam and the reunification of the country under communist control.

Government and Politics

South Vietnam was a republic with a presidential system. The president was the head of state and government. The political landscape was marked by instability, with numerous coups and changes in leadership. Notable leaders included Ngô Đình Diệm, who was assassinated in 1963, and Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, who served as president from 1967 until the fall of Saigon.

Economy

The economy of South Vietnam was primarily agrarian, with rice being the main crop. The country also had a developing industrial sector, supported by U.S. aid. However, the prolonged conflict severely hampered economic growth and development.

Culture

South Vietnam had a diverse culture influenced by its history, including French colonialism and American presence during the Vietnam War. The capital, Saigon, was known for its vibrant cultural scene, including music, cinema, and literature.

Related Pages

• Vietnam
• Vietnam War
• Ngô Đình Diệm
• Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
• Fall of Saigon
• Geneva Conference (1954)
• 17th parallel north