Sphaeropsis malorum

Sphaeropsis malorum is a species of fungus that belongs to the Diplodia genus. It is commonly known as the apple black rot fungus, and is a significant pathogen of apple trees and other fruit trees.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1884 by mycologist Pier Andrea Saccardo. It was initially classified in the Sphaeropsis genus, but was later moved to the Diplodia genus. The species name malorum is derived from the Latin word for apple, reflecting the fungus's primary host.

Description

Sphaeropsis malorum is characterized by its small, black, spherical fruiting bodies known as pycnidia. These structures are typically less than 1 mm in diameter and are embedded in the host tissue. The fungus produces spores that are hyaline, aseptate, and ellipsoid in shape.

Distribution and habitat

Sphaeropsis malorum is widely distributed in temperate regions where apple trees are grown. It is particularly prevalent in North America and Europe. The fungus primarily infects apple trees, but can also affect other fruit trees such as pear trees and peach trees.

Pathogenicity

Sphaeropsis malorum is a major cause of black rot in apple trees. The fungus infects the fruit, leaves, and twigs of the tree, causing dark, sunken lesions. Infected fruit eventually shrivels and turns black, resembling a 'mummy'. The disease can result in significant yield losses for apple growers.

Management

Management of Sphaeropsis malorum involves a combination of cultural practices and chemical control. Cultural practices include pruning and removing infected plant material, and maintaining tree health through proper fertilization and watering. Chemical control typically involves the use of fungicides.

See also

• List of apple diseases
• Plant pathology

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