Spongy tissue

Spongy tissue refers to a type of tissue found in various parts of the body, characterized by its porous, sponge-like structure. This tissue is also known as cancellous or trabecular bone in the context of bone anatomy. It is found at the ends of long bones, within the interior of vertebrae, and in the pelvic bones, among other locations. Spongy tissue plays a crucial role in the production of blood cells in the bone marrow and acts as a shock absorber in areas of the body subjected to stress.

Structure[edit | edit source]

Spongy tissue consists of a network of trabeculae (columns) and spaces that are filled with bone marrow. Unlike compact bone, which is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, spongy bone is less dense and found in the interior. The trabeculae in spongy tissue are oriented towards lines of stress to provide structural support without the weight of compact bone, facilitating efficient movement.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary function of spongy tissue is to support and protect the bone marrow, where hematopoiesis (the production of blood cells) occurs. It also plays a significant role in absorbing the shock from physical activities, thereby preventing fractures in the bones. In addition, the structure of spongy tissue allows for the distribution of nutrients and waste removal through the bone marrow.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Spongy tissue is subject to various diseases and conditions that can affect its function and structure. Osteoporosis is a common condition where the trabeculae within the spongy tissue become thin and weak, leading to an increased risk of fractures. Treatments for diseases affecting spongy tissue include medications to increase bone density, dietary supplements, and in some cases, surgical interventions.