Squamous cell cancer

Squamous cell cancer (SCC), also known as Squamous cell carcinoma, is a type of cancer that originates from squamous cells. These cells are a part of the epithelium, the tissue that lines the surfaces of organs, vessels, and cavities, as well as the outer layer of the skin.

Etiology

The primary cause of squamous cell cancer is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Other risk factors include having light-colored skin, a history of sunburns, a weakened immune system, and exposure to certain chemicals like arsenic.

Pathophysiology

Squamous cell cancer begins in the squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells that look like fish scales under a microscope. These cells are found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts.

Clinical Manifestations

The most common clinical manifestation of squamous cell cancer is a growing bump that may have a rough, scaly surface and flat reddish patches. It's most often found on the face, ears, neck, hands, and arms, but it can also occur in other areas of the body.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of squamous cell cancer typically involves a biopsy, where a sample of tissue is removed for examination under a microscope. Other diagnostic tests may include imaging tests to determine the extent of the cancer and whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

Treatment

Treatment options for squamous cell cancer depend on the stage of the cancer, its size, location, and the patient's overall health. Options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Prognosis

The prognosis for squamous cell cancer is generally good if it's detected and treated early. However, if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, the prognosis can be less favorable.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for squamous cell cancer primarily involve protection from the sun. This includes wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen, and avoiding the sun during peak hours.