Squamous metaplasia

Squamous metaplasia is a benign, reversible transformation of differentiated cells, usually occurring as a response to stress or injury. It is characterized by the replacement of the original tissue type with stratified squamous epithelial cells.

Causes

Squamous metaplasia can be caused by a variety of factors, including chronic inflammation, irritation, or injury. It is often seen in areas of the body that are exposed to chronic irritation or injury, such as the respiratory tract in smokers or the cervix in women with chronic cervicitis. Vitamin A deficiency can also lead to squamous metaplasia, as this vitamin is essential for the normal differentiation of epithelial cells.

Pathology

In squamous metaplasia, the normal columnar epithelial cells are replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells. This change is usually a protective response, as squamous cells are more resistant to stress and injury. However, if the underlying cause of the metaplasia is not removed, the squamous cells can become dysplastic and potentially progress to squamous cell carcinoma.

Diagnosis

Squamous metaplasia is usually diagnosed through histological examination of tissue samples. The presence of stratified squamous epithelial cells in an area where they are not normally found is indicative of squamous metaplasia. Additional tests may be performed to rule out malignancy.

Treatment

The treatment of squamous metaplasia focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the metaplasia. This may involve removing the source of irritation or injury, treating any underlying infections, or correcting nutritional deficiencies. In some cases, no treatment is necessary, as the metaplasia may resolve on its own once the underlying cause is removed.

See also

• Metaplasia
• Dysplasia
• Carcinoma

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