St. Bernard

Dog breed

St. Bernard
A St. Bernard
Origin	Switzerland
Traits Height Males 70–90 cm (28–35 in) Females 65–80 cm (26–31 in) Weight Males 64–82 kg (140–180 lb) Females 54–64 kg (120–140 lb) Coat Dense, smooth or rough Color Red with white, or brindle with white Life span 8–10 years
Dog (domestic dog)

The St. Bernard is a breed of very large working dog from the Western Alps in Italy and Switzerland. They were originally bred for rescue work by the hospice of the Great St Bernard Pass on the Italian-Swiss border. The breed has become famous through tales of alpine rescues, as well as for its large size and gentle temperament.

History

The St. Bernard breed has its origins in the Swiss Alps, where it was developed by the monks of the Great St Bernard Hospice. The hospice, founded in the 11th century, was a refuge for travelers crossing the treacherous pass. The dogs were used to locate and rescue travelers buried by avalanches or lost in the snow.

The breed is believed to have been developed from the Mastiff-type dogs brought to the Alps by the Romans. Over the centuries, the St. Bernard was selectively bred for its size, strength, and ability to withstand cold temperatures. The first written records of the breed date back to 1707, and the dogs were first called "St. Bernard" in 1833.

Characteristics

St. Bernards are known for their massive size, with males typically weighing between 64–82 kg (140–180 lb) and females between 54–64 kg (120–140 lb). They have a dense coat that can be either smooth or rough, and their coloring is usually red with white or brindle with white.

The breed is known for its gentle and friendly nature, making it an excellent family pet. However, due to their size, they require ample space and regular exercise. St. Bernards are also known for their drooling and shedding, which potential owners should consider.

Health

St. Bernards are prone to certain health issues, including hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, and heart problems. They also have a relatively short lifespan of 8–10 years. Regular veterinary check-ups and a healthy diet can help manage these health concerns.

Famous St. Bernards

One of the most famous St. Bernards was Barry, who is credited with saving the lives of over 40 people in the early 19th century. Barry's remains are preserved in the Natural History Museum of Bern.

In Popular Culture

St. Bernards have appeared in various films and television shows, often depicted as rescue dogs or family pets. The breed was popularized by the 1992 film "Beethoven," which featured a St. Bernard as the titular character.

Also see

• Great St Bernard Pass
• Mastiff
• Barry (dog)
• Beethoven (film)