Status dystonicus

Status dystonicus is a rare but life-threatening disorder characterized by a sudden, sustained episode of severe dystonia. Dystonia is a movement disorder in which a person's muscles contract uncontrollably. The contraction causes the affected body part to twist involuntarily, resulting in repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Status dystonicus can affect individuals with primary or secondary dystonia.

Symptoms

The symptoms of status dystonicus can vary greatly from person to person, but they typically include rapid onset of increasingly frequent and severe episodes of dystonia. This can lead to severe muscle contractions, abnormal postures, and repetitive movements. Other symptoms can include fever, sweating, tachycardia, and hypertension.

Causes

The exact cause of status dystonicus is unknown. However, it is often associated with a change in medication, an infection, or a physical stressor. It can also occur in individuals with a history of dystonia or other movement disorders.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of status dystonicus is based on the presence of severe, generalized, and progressive dystonia. This is often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, tachycardia, and hypertension. Diagnostic tests may include neuroimaging studies, blood tests, and a thorough neurological examination.

Treatment

Treatment of status dystonicus is primarily supportive and includes intensive care monitoring. Medications to control the dystonia, such as benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, and baclofen, may be used. In severe cases, surgery may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with status dystonicus varies. Some individuals may experience a complete recovery, while others may have residual dystonia. The severity of the dystonia and the individual's response to treatment can greatly influence the prognosis.

See also

• Dystonia
• Movement disorders
• Neurological disorders

Status dystonicus Resources
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