Stereoisomer

Stereoisomerism is a form of isomerism where molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space. This contrasts with structural isomerism, where the isomers contain different bonds.

Types of stereoisomerism

Stereoisomerism can be divided into two types: geometric isomerism and optical isomerism.

Geometric isomerism

Geometric isomerism, also known as cis-trans isomerism, is a form of stereoisomerism describing the orientation of functional groups within a molecule. This type of isomerism occurs in alkenes, where rotation about the carbon-carbon double bond is not possible.

Optical isomerism

Optical isomerism is a form of isomerism where the isomers are mirror images of each other, similar to left and right hands. This type of isomerism occurs in molecules with a chiral center, typically a carbon atom bonded to four different groups.

Importance in biochemistry

Stereoisomerism is crucial in biochemistry, as the different isomers of a molecule often have different biological activity. For example, one isomer of a drug may be much more effective than another, or may cause harmful side effects.

See also

• Chirality (chemistry)
• E-Z notation
• R-S system

Stereoisomer Resources
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