Stereotactic radiotherapy

Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is a precise form of radiation therapy aimed primarily at treating small tumors in the brain and other parts of the body. Unlike traditional radiotherapy that delivers radiation to a broad area, SRT focuses high doses of radiation beams on the tumor from different angles, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This technique is highly beneficial for treating tumors that are inoperable or for patients who are seeking a non-invasive treatment option.

Overview

Stereotactic radiotherapy utilizes advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT scans (Computed Tomography), to pinpoint the exact location of the tumor within the body. The patient is fitted with a stabilizing frame or uses image-guidance to ensure precise targeting during treatment. SRT can be delivered in a single dose, known as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), or in multiple sessions, referred to as fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT).

Indications

SRT is primarily used for treating small, well-defined tumors in the brain. It is also effective for treating certain types of cancers in other parts of the body, including the lung, spine, liver, and prostate. Conditions that may benefit from SRT include, but are not limited to, acoustic neuromas, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), Pituitary tumors, and metastatic brain tumors.

Procedure

The SRT procedure involves several steps: 1. Planning: Detailed imaging studies are conducted to determine the tumor's size, shape, and location. 2. Immobilization: The patient is immobilized using a custom-fitted mask or body frame to prevent movement during treatment. 3. Treatment delivery: High-energy radiation beams are focused on the tumor from multiple angles. The patient may require several sessions over days or weeks, depending on the treatment plan.

Advantages

SRT offers several advantages over traditional radiotherapy, including: - High precision targeting minimizes radiation exposure to healthy tissues. - It is a non-invasive, outpatient procedure with minimal recovery time. - It can be an effective treatment option for tumors that are inoperable or for patients who cannot undergo surgery.

Risks and Complications

While SRT is generally safe, it carries some risks and potential complications, such as: - Temporary swelling or edema around the treatment area. - Fatigue. - Rarely, radiation necrosis or damage to surrounding healthy tissues.

Conclusion

Stereotactic radiotherapy represents a significant advancement in the treatment of small, localized tumors, offering a high degree of precision and reduced side effects compared to conventional radiotherapy methods. As technology advances, the applications and effectiveness of SRT are expected to expand, providing hope for patients with previously untreatable conditions.