Stigmina carpophila

Peach_shot_hole_disease

Stigmina carpophila

Stigmina carpophila is a fungal pathogen that causes the disease known as "shot hole" on stone fruit trees. This pathogen primarily affects trees in the genus Prunus, including peaches, plums, and cherries. The disease is characterized by the formation of small, circular lesions on the leaves and fruit of infected trees.

Symptoms

Infected trees exhibit symptoms such as small, circular lesions on the leaves that resemble shot holes, hence the name of the disease. These lesions may also appear on the fruit, causing blemishes and reducing marketability. In severe cases, defoliation and fruit drop can occur, leading to significant economic losses for growers.

Disease Cycle

Stigmina carpophila overwinters in infected plant debris, such as fallen leaves and fruit. In the spring, spores are produced and spread to new growth through rain splash or wind. The pathogen enters the plant through natural openings or wounds, initiating infection. Under favorable conditions, the disease can rapidly spread within an orchard.

Management

Management of Stigmina carpophila involves a combination of cultural practices and chemical control. Pruning infected branches, removing debris, and promoting good air circulation can help reduce disease pressure. Fungicides may also be applied preventatively to protect susceptible trees during periods of high risk.

Importance

Shot hole disease caused by Stigmina carpophila is a significant concern for stone fruit growers worldwide. The economic impact of this disease can be substantial, affecting fruit quality and yield. Timely detection and management strategies are essential to minimize losses and maintain orchard productivity.