Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium that is commonly found in the human oral cavity. It is a significant contributor to tooth decay, also known as dental caries.

Overview

Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe that is part of the Streptococcus genus. It is spherical in shape and often forms chains of cells. It is one of the many species of bacteria that live in the human mouth, where it feeds on sugars and produces lactic acid as a byproduct. This acid can erode tooth enamel, leading to the formation of cavities.

Role in Tooth Decay

The primary role of Streptococcus mutans in tooth decay is due to its ability to metabolize sugars and produce lactic acid. When sugars are consumed, they are broken down by the bacteria into acids. These acids then demineralize the tooth enamel, leading to the formation of cavities. The bacteria also produce a sticky substance called dextran from sucrose, which helps them adhere to the tooth surface and form dental plaque.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention of tooth decay caused by Streptococcus mutans involves regular oral hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing, as well as limiting the intake of sugary foods and drinks. Fluoride, found in most toothpastes and some drinking water supplies, can also help to protect teeth by promoting remineralization of the enamel. In some cases, antimicrobial mouthwashes may be used to reduce the levels of Streptococcus mutans in the mouth.

Treatment of tooth decay involves the removal of the decayed tooth material and the placement of a filling. In severe cases, a root canal treatment or tooth extraction may be necessary.

See Also

• Dental caries
• Oral microbiology
• Tooth enamel
• Dental plaque

‎ Template:Oral-health-stub