Stroma of ovary

The stroma of the ovary is the connective tissue framework of the ovary. It is a crucial component of the ovarian structure, providing support and housing the ovarian follicles at various stages of development.

Structure

The ovarian stroma is composed of a dense network of connective tissue fibers, primarily collagen, and contains numerous fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and blood vessels. The stroma is divided into two distinct regions: the cortex and the medulla.

Cortex

The cortex is the outer layer of the ovary and contains the ovarian follicles, which are embedded within the stroma. The cortex is covered by a layer of germinal epithelium, which is a continuation of the peritoneum. Beneath the germinal epithelium lies the tunica albuginea, a dense connective tissue layer that provides additional support.

Medulla

The medulla is the inner region of the ovary and is primarily composed of loose connective tissue. It contains larger blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves that supply the ovary. The medulla also contains hilus cells, which are similar to Leydig cells in the testis and are involved in the production of androgens.

Function

The stroma of the ovary plays a vital role in the structural integrity and function of the ovary. It provides a supportive framework for the ovarian follicles and facilitates the transport of nutrients, hormones, and waste products to and from the follicles. The stroma also produces steroid hormones, such as estrogens and progesterone, which are essential for the regulation of the menstrual cycle and reproduction.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the ovarian stroma can lead to various medical conditions. For example, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by an increase in the amount of stroma and the presence of multiple cysts within the ovary. Additionally, ovarian cancer can arise from the stromal cells, leading to stromal tumors.

See also

• Ovary
• Ovarian follicle
• Menstrual cycle
• Reproductive system