Superior epigastric artery

Diagram of the superior epigastric artery and its branches.

The superior epigastric artery is a vital blood vessel in the human body, playing a crucial role in supplying blood to the anterior abdominal wall. It is one of the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery, which itself is a branch of the subclavian artery.

Anatomy

The superior epigastric artery descends from the internal thoracic artery, traveling inferiorly through the thoracic cavity and entering the abdominal cavity by passing behind the costal margin. It continues its course between the rectus abdominis muscle and the posterior layer of the rectus sheath.

Function

The primary function of the superior epigastric artery is to supply oxygenated blood to the upper portion of the anterior abdominal wall. It anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery, which is a branch of the external iliac artery. This anastomosis provides a collateral circulation route, which is particularly important in cases where the blood supply from the aorta is compromised.

Clinical Significance

The superior epigastric artery is of clinical importance in various surgical procedures, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), where it can be used as a graft. Its location and course also make it a landmark in abdominal surgeries, and care must be taken to avoid damaging it during procedures involving the anterior abdominal wall.

Related Structures

• Internal thoracic artery
• Inferior epigastric artery
• Rectus abdominis muscle
• Rectus sheath

Related Pages

• Internal thoracic artery
• Inferior epigastric artery
• Abdominal wall
• Coronary artery bypass surgery