Supraorbital torus

Supraorbital Torus

The Supraorbital Torus is a prominent, bony ridge located above the eye sockets (or orbits) in some primates, including certain extinct species of Homo and several extant primates such as gorillas and orangutans. This anatomical feature is significant in the field of paleoanthropology, as it provides valuable insights into the evolutionary history of hominids.

Anatomy and Function

The supraorbital torus is a bony ridge formed by the frontal bone of the skull. It is located directly above the orbits, or eye sockets. The size and shape of the supraorbital torus can vary greatly among different species and individuals. In some primates, the torus is a continuous ridge, while in others it may be broken up into two or more separate sections.

The exact function of the supraorbital torus is not fully understood. Some theories suggest that it may have served a protective function, shielding the eyes from damage. Others propose that it may have been involved in social signaling, similar to the way that antlers or horns are used in other animals.

Evolutionary Significance

The presence or absence of a supraorbital torus is one of the key features used by paleoanthropologists to distinguish between different species of extinct hominids. For example, the Neanderthals had a very pronounced supraorbital torus, while modern humans (Homo sapiens) have a much less prominent one.

The evolution of the supraorbital torus is thought to be linked to changes in the structure of the skull and brain over time. As the brain expanded and the face became flatter, the supraorbital torus became less pronounced.

See Also

• Brow ridge
• Human evolution
• Cranial features of early Homo

References

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