Surgical mesh

Surgical mesh is a medical device used to provide support to weakened or damaged tissue. It is commonly used in various types of surgeries, such as hernia repair, pelvic organ prolapse, and stress urinary incontinence. Made from synthetic materials or animal tissue, surgical mesh can be absorbable, non-absorbable, or a combination of both. The choice of mesh depends on the specific requirements of the surgery and the patient's condition.

Types of Surgical Mesh

Surgical mesh comes in various forms, each designed for specific applications:

• Synthetic Mesh: Made from materials like polypropylene, polyester, or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), synthetic mesh is the most common type used in surgeries. It can be either non-absorbable, remaining in the body indefinitely, or absorbable, which degrades over time.
• Biologic Mesh: Derived from animal tissues, such as porcine (pig) or bovine (cow), biologic mesh is designed to be absorbable, allowing the patient's tissue to grow into the mesh for a more natural repair.
• Composite Mesh: Combining synthetic and biologic materials, composite mesh offers the benefits of both types, providing strength and promoting tissue integration.

Applications

Surgical mesh is utilized in various surgical procedures, including:

• Hernia Repair: Mesh is commonly used to reinforce the abdominal wall and prevent recurrence of hernias.
• Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP): In cases of POP, surgical mesh can be used to support the pelvic organs and hold them in the correct position.
• Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI): For SUI, mesh slings can be placed under the urethra to provide support and prevent urine leakage.

Risks and Complications

While surgical mesh has benefited many patients, its use can also lead to complications, such as:

• Infection
• Pain
• Mesh erosion into surrounding tissues
• Recurrence of the original problem
• Urinary problems

Patients should discuss the potential risks and benefits of surgical mesh with their healthcare provider to make an informed decision.

Regulation and Safety

The safety and effectiveness of surgical mesh are regulated by health authorities, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States. The FDA has issued warnings and recalls for certain types of mesh, especially those used in transvaginal repair of pelvic organ prolapse, due to a higher risk of complications.

Conclusion

Surgical mesh is a valuable tool in modern surgery, offering solutions for complex and recurrent problems. However, its use requires careful consideration of the potential risks and benefits. Ongoing research and development aim to improve the safety and effectiveness of surgical mesh for all patients.