Syrinx (medicine)

A Syrinx is a fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord (syringomyelia) or brain stem (syringobulbia). Predisposing factors include craniocervical junction abnormalities, spinal cord trauma, and spinal cord tumors.

Causes

The exact cause of syrinx is unknown, but it is often associated with conditions that cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to not flow properly. Some of these conditions include Chiari malformation, spinal cord injuries, spinal cord tumors, and inflammation of the meninges.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a syrinx can vary greatly depending on the size and location of the cavity. Common symptoms include pain, weakness, numbness, and stiffness in the back, shoulders, arms, or legs. Other symptoms can include headaches, loss of the ability to feel extremes of hot or cold, and loss of bladder and other functions.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a syrinx is usually made through MRI, which can show the presence and location of the cavity. Other tests may include a CT scan or a myelogram.

Treatment

Treatment for a syrinx depends on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms. In some cases, no treatment is necessary. In other cases, surgery may be needed to drain the syrinx or to remove a tumor or other obstruction. Medications may also be used to manage symptoms.

See also

• Syringomyelia
• Syringobulbia
• Chiari malformation
• Spinal cord injury
• Spinal cord tumor