TPM1
Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 (TPH2)
Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of serotonin, a key neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, emotion, and various physiological processes. TPH2 is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in the neurons of the raphe nuclei, which are located in the brainstem.
Structure and Function[edit | edit source]
TPH2 is one of the two isoforms of tryptophan hydroxylase, the other being TPH1, which is mainly found in peripheral tissues. TPH2 catalyzes the hydroxylation of the amino acid tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of serotonin. This reaction requires molecular oxygen, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) as a cofactor, and iron as a cofactor.
The gene encoding TPH2 is located on chromosome 12 in humans. Variations in the TPH2 gene have been associated with various psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder.
Regulation[edit | edit source]
The activity of TPH2 is regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms. Factors such as stress, hormonal changes, and pharmacological agents can influence TPH2 expression and activity.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Given its role in serotonin production, TPH2 is a target of interest in the study of mood disorders and other psychiatric conditions. Polymorphisms in the TPH2 gene have been linked to altered serotonin levels and increased susceptibility to depression and anxiety disorders. Research into TPH2 inhibitors and modulators is ongoing, with the aim of developing new therapeutic strategies for these conditions.
Research and Developments[edit | edit source]
Recent studies have focused on the role of TPH2 in neurodevelopmental disorders and its potential as a biomarker for psychiatric conditions. Advances in genetic and pharmacological research continue to shed light on the complex interactions between TPH2, serotonin, and mental health.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
