Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal in India - Kristian Bertel

Dome Chhatris Spires - Taj Mahal - Agra 2014-05-14 3805

Taj Mahal-Agra-Uttar Pradesh-DCS00786

Taj Mahal Exterior with a minaret

Facade of Taj Mahal (4718894898)

Detail of plant motifs on Taj Mahal wall

Taj Mahal is an iconic mausoleum located in Agra, India, and is one of the most famous and beautiful buildings in the world. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth. The Taj Mahal is an exceptional example of Mughal architecture, which combines elements from Islamic, Persian, Ottoman Turkish, and Indian architectural styles. In 1983, the Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for being "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage."

History

The construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632 and was completed in 1653, employing thousands of artisans and craftsmen. The chief architect was Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. The complex was designed to be a self-contained paradise on earth, with the mausoleum set within a large landscaped garden that includes a reflecting pool, a mosque, and other mausoleums. The construction required the transportation of materials from all over India and Asia, including over 1,000 elephants used to transport building materials.

Architecture

The Taj Mahal stands on the southern bank of the Yamuna River and is constructed of white marble that reflects hues according to the intensity of the sunlight or the moonlight. Its central dome, one of the most recognizable features, has a height of around 73 meters (240 feet) and is surrounded by four smaller domes. The exterior decorations of the Taj Mahal are among the finest in Mughal architecture, with the use of calligraphy, inlaid gemstones, and geometric patterns. The interior chamber of the Taj Mahal houses the cenotaphs of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan, which are elaborately decorated with precious and semiprecious stones.

Cultural Significance

The Taj Mahal is not only a symbol of Shah Jahan's love for Mumtaz Mahal but also an emblem of India's rich history and culture. It attracts millions of visitors each year, making it one of the most visited tourist attractions in the world. The monument has been celebrated in literature, art, and film, contributing to its status as a symbol of eternal love and beauty.

Conservation Efforts

The Taj Mahal has faced threats from environmental pollution and the effects of tourism over the years. Efforts to preserve the monument have included restricting vehicular traffic in the vicinity, controlling the emission of pollutants, and undertaking regular maintenance work. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is the primary body responsible for the conservation and preservation of the Taj Mahal.

In Popular Culture

The Taj Mahal has inspired countless artists, writers, and filmmakers around the world. It has been featured in numerous works of fiction and non-fiction, highlighting its universal appeal and timeless beauty.