Takotna

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as Takotsubo syndrome or broken heart syndrome, is a type of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in which there is a sudden temporary weakening of the muscular portion of the heart. This weakening may be triggered by emotional stress, such as the death of a loved one, a physical stressor, or potentially certain drugs.

Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy are similar to those of a heart attack and may include chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may show abnormalities similar to those seen in a heart attack, without evidence of coronary artery occlusion. A cardiac MRI or a ventriculogram can be used to distinguish Takotsubo cardiomyopathy from a heart attack.

Causes

While the exact cause of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is unclear, it is thought to be related to high levels of catecholamines (stress hormones). This may be secondary to an emotional stressor such as the death of a loved one, a physical stressor such as surgery, or potentially certain drugs.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically based on ECG findings and the absence of blocked coronary arteries. Other conditions that may present similarly include myocardial infarction (heart attack) and acute coronary syndrome.

Treatment

Treatment is typically with supportive care. This may include medications to help reduce the workload on the heart, such as beta blockers and ACE inhibitors. In those who have a severe decrease in left ventricular function, medications to help increase this may be used.

Prognosis

The long-term prognosis is generally good with appropriate treatment. However, serious complications can occur, including heart failure, arrhythmias, and rupture of the heart wall.

Epidemiology

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy typically affects post-menopausal women. The exact incidence is unclear but it is estimated to represent 1-2% of all acute coronary syndromes.

History

The condition was first described in 1990 in Japan. The name "Takotsubo" comes from the Japanese word for "octopus trap", which the left ventricle of the heart resembles during an episode of this syndrome.

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