Tarsal bone

Tarsal bones are a group of seven bones that make up the ankle and foot. They are located between the lower end of the tibia and fibula of the lower leg and the metatarsal bones. The tarsal bones are important for human locomotion, providing support and flexibility to the foot.

Anatomy

The seven tarsal bones are the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, and the first, second, and third cuneiform bones. Each bone has a unique shape and specific location, contributing to the overall structure and function of the foot.

Calcaneus

The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and forms the heel of the foot. It supports the weight of the body and provides an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.

Talus

The talus is the second largest tarsal bone and sits directly above the calcaneus. It forms the lower part of the ankle joint and transfers weight and forces across the foot.

Navicular

The navicular is boat-shaped and located in front of the talus. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the arch of the foot.

Cuboid

The cuboid is cube-shaped and located in front of the calcaneus. It helps with the foot's stability and mobility.

Cuneiform Bones

The three cuneiform bones are located in front of the navicular and are numbered one to three from the medial side (inside) of the foot. They contribute to the transverse arch of the foot.

Function

The tarsal bones play a crucial role in human locomotion. They provide a flexible structure that allows for a variety of movements, including walking, running, and jumping. The bones also help to distribute body weight evenly across the foot, reducing the risk of injury.

Clinical Significance

Injuries to the tarsal bones, such as fractures or dislocations, can cause significant pain and disability. Conditions such as flat feet or high arches can also affect the tarsal bones and lead to problems with mobility and balance.

See Also

• Foot
• Ankle
• Human skeleton