Terrarium

Regenwaldterrarium

Ward'scher Kasten

Small Form Mesocosm Figure

OpenTerrarium

Moss with Container

Terrariums are enclosed environments for growing and displaying plants. They can range from simple containers housing small plant species to elaborate mini-ecosystems showcasing a diverse array of flora. Terrariums are not only a means to bring a piece of nature indoors but also serve as educational tools, demonstrating the principles of the water cycle, photosynthesis, and ecosystem sustainability.

History

The concept of the terrarium was first developed in the early 19th century by Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward, a London doctor with a passion for botany. Ward discovered the terrarium principle by accident when he observed a fern and grass growing in a sealed bottle, despite neglect. This led to the invention of the Wardian case, which revolutionized the transport of plants across the globe, particularly in the British Empire, by protecting them from salt air and temperature fluctuations during long voyages.

Types of Terrariums

Terrariums can be broadly classified into two types based on their moisture environment: closed terrariums and open terrariums.

Closed Terrariums

Closed terrariums are completely or partially sealed environments that create a high humidity atmosphere conducive to moisture-loving plants, such as ferns, mosses, and orchids. The sealed container of a closed terrarium creates a miniature water cycle, with water condensing on the walls of the container and trickling back to the soil, minimizing the need for watering.

Open Terrariums

Open terrariums, on the other hand, are not sealed and are suitable for plants that prefer a dry environment, such as succulents and cacti. These terrariums require more frequent watering than closed terrariums but allow for greater airflow and are less prone to issues like mold growth.

Creating a Terrarium

Building a terrarium involves several steps, starting with selecting a clear, transparent container, which can range from a simple glass jar to a sophisticated glass case. The basic layers in a terrarium include:

• Drainage Layer: A layer of small stones or gravel at the bottom to prevent water from pooling around the plant roots.
• Charcoal Layer: A thin layer of activated charcoal to keep the water fresh and prevent mold and bacteria growth.
• Soil Layer: A layer of soil appropriate for the types of plants being used.
• Plant Layer: The plants themselves, chosen based on the terrarium type (closed or open).
• Decoration: Optional decorative elements like pebbles, figurines, or wood can be added for aesthetic purposes.

Care and Maintenance

The care for a terrarium varies depending on its type. Closed terrariums generally require less frequent watering due to their self-sustaining environment. It's crucial to monitor the moisture levels and open the container occasionally to prevent over-condensation and mold growth. Open terrariums, being more exposed, need more regular watering and maintenance. Both types benefit from indirect light, as direct sunlight can cause overheating and harm the plants.

Educational and Decorative Uses

Terrariums are popular not only for their decorative appeal but also for their educational value. They can be used to teach concepts of ecology, biology, and environmental science, making them valuable tools in classrooms. Additionally, they offer a way to engage with gardening in limited spaces, such as apartments or offices.

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