Tetraethyl lead

Tetraethyl lead (TEL) is an organolead compound with the formula (CH3CH2)4Pb. It is a petro-fuel additive, first being mixed with gasoline (petrol) beginning in the 1920s as a patented octane rating booster that allowed engine compression to be raised substantially. This in turn caused increased vehicle performance and fuel economy. TEL was phased out starting in the U.S. in the mid-1970s because of its toxicity and its damaging effect on catalytic converters.

History

Tetraethyl lead was first discovered by a German chemist named Karl Ziegler in 1889. However, it was not until 1921 that Thomas Midgley Jr. and his team at General Motors discovered its effectiveness as an anti-knock agent. This discovery led to the widespread use of TEL in gasoline.

Production and Structure

Tetraethyl lead is produced by reacting chloroethane with a sodium-lead alloy. The product is a colorless liquid that has a sweet, ethereal odor. It is highly toxic and is absorbed through the skin.

Use in Gasoline

Tetraethyl lead was used in gasoline to prevent engine knocking, increase octane ratings, and improve engine performance. However, it was phased out due to health concerns and its damaging effect on catalytic converters.

Health Effects

Exposure to tetraethyl lead can lead to a variety of health problems, including neurological damage, kidney damage, and reproductive issues. It is also a potential carcinogen.

Environmental Impact

The use of tetraethyl lead in gasoline has led to widespread environmental contamination. It can be found in soil, air, and water, and can have harmful effects on wildlife.

See Also

• Lead poisoning
• Octane rating
• Gasoline