Tetramethylsilane
Tetramethylsilane (TMS) is a chemical compound with the formula Si(CH3)4. It is the simplest tetraorganosilane and an archetype for the organosilanes, compounds containing carbon-silicon bonds. TMS is a building block in organometallic chemistry but also finds use in diverse niche applications.
Structure and bonding[edit | edit source]
Tetramethylsilane is tetrahedral in its molecular geometry, reflecting the tetrahedral coordination geometry about silicon that is common in organosilicon chemistry. The Si-C bond length is 186 pm, and the C-Si-C bond angle is 111°. The Si-C bond strength is 318 kJ/mol, which is stronger than the Si-O bond in the silicon mineral quartz (SiO2), reflecting the greater stability of the Si-C bond.
Synthesis and reactions[edit | edit source]
Tetramethylsilane is prepared by the reaction of methyl chloride with silicon in the presence of a catalyst, such as copper: Si + 4 CH3Cl → Si(CH3)4 + 4 Cl−
Tetramethylsilane undergoes reactions typical of other tetraorganosilanes. It can be converted to silicon tetrachloride by reaction with chlorine: Si(CH3)4 + 4 Cl2 → SiCl4 + 4 CH3Cl
Applications[edit | edit source]
Tetramethylsilane is commonly used as a standard in 1H NMR spectroscopy. It is also used as a precursor to various silicon-containing polymers and ceramics.
Safety[edit | edit source]
Tetramethylsilane is a highly flammable liquid. It can form explosive mixtures with air and should be handled with appropriate safety precautions.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD