Tetraplegia
Also called quadriplegia, this refers to paralysis of the legs and partial or complete paralysis of the arms.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is a condition characterized by partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso. It is typically the result of a spinal cord injury or a neurological disease.[1]
Causes[edit | edit source]
The most common cause of tetraplegia is a traumatic injury to the cervical spinal cord. Other potential causes can include stroke, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.[1]
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Tetraplegia occurs due to damage to the upper segments of the spinal cord, which carry motor and sensory signals between the brain and the limbs. The level and extent of the spinal cord damage determine the severity and distribution of paralysis.[2]
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Individuals with tetraplegia typically present with varying degrees of paralysis and loss of sensation below the site of the spinal cord injury. The paralysis can affect the chest, arms, hands, legs, and pelvic organs. Associated complications can include difficulties with bowel and bladder control, respiratory problems, and pressure sores.[1]
Treatment[edit | edit source]
While there is currently no cure for tetraplegia, treatments aim to improve the quality of life, increase independence, and manage complications. These can include physiotherapy, occupational therapy, use of assistive devices, medications for managing symptoms, and in some cases, surgical interventions.[3]
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for individuals with tetraplegia is variable, largely depending on the level and severity of the spinal cord injury, the person's overall health, and the quality of care received. Some individuals may regain certain functions with intensive rehabilitation and therapies.[2]
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Tetraplegia". MedlinePlus. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Understanding Spinal Cord Injury". SpinalCord.com. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
- ↑ "Living with paralysis". NHS. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
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