Thiopental sodium

Thiopental Sodium is a rapid-onset, short-acting barbiturate general anesthetic. It is a member of the class of drugs known as barbiturates, which act as central nervous system depressants. Thiopental Sodium is most commonly used in the induction phase of general anesthesia. Following intravenous injection, the drug rapidly reaches the brain and causes unconsciousness within 30–45 seconds. At one minute, the drug attains a peak concentration of about 60% of the total dose in the brain. Thereafter, the drug distributes to the rest of the body, and in about 5–10 minutes the concentration is low enough in the brain that consciousness returns.

History

Thiopental Sodium was discovered in the early 20th century and was primarily used as an anesthetic during surgery. It was also used for euthanasia and legal execution by lethal injection in some jurisdictions, and for "truth serum" in interrogation.

Pharmacology

Thiopental Sodium is an ultra-short-acting barbiturate and has been used commonly in the induction phase of general anesthesia. Its use has been largely replaced with that of propofol, but retains popularity as an induction agent for rapid sequence intubation and in obstetrics.

Side Effects

Common side effects include apnea, respiratory depression, and hypotension. Prolonged use can result in tolerance and psychological addiction. Overdose can result in severe respiratory depression or collapse and death.

Legal Status

In many countries, thiopental is classified as a Schedule III controlled substance, meaning it has a potential for abuse but also has accepted medical uses.

See Also

• Barbiturate
• General anesthesia
• Propofol